翻译第一篇：《对于速拧的建议》－－Fridrich女士著

yandinet

对于速拧的建议

调试公式

用自己的双手来调试每一个公式是非常重要的。有的人是惯用右手，有的人是左撇子，有的人会喜欢只用两三个面执行的公式，避免从左手换到右手。有时候，把魔方翻过来转，公式会更随手。这些调试都必须自己一个一个来做，因为每个人对公式顺手与否都有自己的想法。这个工作会花很多时间，不过可以使你解魔方的速度大大加快。

多公式系统

你也许注意到了，最后一层的一些PLL对应着不止一种公式。我根据情况采用不同的公式，可以尽量避免魔方的整体转动，这样就节省了时间。

手指快捷方式

大多数速拧选手都开发了一些两步到四步的动作序列（手指快捷方式/宏），这些序列可以非常快速地操作，当然，需要点技术。在我的主页你可以看到我解魔方的视频，其中也有一些手指快捷方式的展示。

把公式变成下意识

这也很重要，让你的大脑自动地把公式转换成一些独立的动作单元。因为如果你做到了，那在就不用去思考每一个动作了。动作会自然而然地从手上做出来，你的大脑不会忙着去思索它们。在这个阶段，我们就可以不去想正在做的公式，而分神去看下一个公式。当前的公式在你的下意识自动的执行！我发现这个下意识很夸张，如果我做一个长公式的时候被打断，我就没法继续完成它了！可以说，我已经不记得这个公式的动作顺序，而是把这个公式作为一个整体的动作。有时候，会造成一个滑稽的情况，但有人叫你演示一个公式的时候，你却不能慢慢地做给他看——做不了几步就做不下去了，得从头做起。

公式间无迟滞

另一个很重要的是减少前后两个公式间的迟滞时间。你应该把判断时间缩减到几乎为零。这个问题要从另外一个问题说起，就是手速。

手速快，时间不一定短

要在17秒内解开魔方，一定要非常娴熟。说娴熟不重要那是骗人的，不过我相信，一般的人都可以很快练到足够娴熟的程度可，几乎每个人都可以达到每秒3转的手速。记住，你要做的不过是把有限的公式尽量快的操作。这点在上面已经提到过了。但是为什么手速快还有可能时间长呢？在非常快速的转动魔方的时候，人完全无法注意到魔方正在发生的变化。在完成了这个公式以后，就突然陷入了一种不得不花时间去抉择下一个公式的境况。如果你稍慢一点转动魔方，你其实可以看到魔方正在发生的变化，并且在公式的末尾几步预判下一个要做的公式。如果你比较一下时间：快速旋转＋延迟，和慢速旋转＋极短的延迟，你会发现慢速旋转时总用时反而更短！另一个原因是魔方转动快了以后经常会有“卡”的情况，或者整个魔方散架。这会耽误时间，而且很烦人。

让你的魔方做好测速的准备

我听人们推荐过各种各样的魔方润滑剂。硅油，石墨粉，肥皂等都被提到过。根据我的经验，硅油是最好的。谨慎使用其它润滑剂，因为有些很强烈，会加速魔方的老化。转动时魔方内部产生磨屑，也有的玩家说，这种天然的磨屑润滑是最好的。我还是建议用油润滑魔方，因为一个润滑的魔方更容易转动，而且使你在速拧的时候可以“容错”（译者：原文表述为“抄近道”）。不过注意,润滑后的魔方更加容易散架。

努力练习

我想再说几个问题。首先，快速开解魔方的秘密不仅仅是公式本身。毕竟，公式系统不能解魔方，是人在解魔方。最重要的就是投入精力，大量练习。也许你注意到了，最后一层的一些PLL对应着不止一种公式。我根据情况采用不同的公式，可以尽量避免魔方的整体转动，这样就节省了时间。（译者：此处和上文重复）

那么，那个公式系统更适合速拧呢？我认为，没有所谓的最好的，一个系统也许适合这个人，另一个系统也许别人用更顺。我相信任何一个系统经过足够的完善，都是很好的。我们不应去比较公式系统，而是应该比较魔方选手。人才是可比的。

速拧的极限何在？

任何一个为人所掌握的公式组，都有一个极限，几百，最多几千条公式。这些公式需要快速的操作，不能有太多的思考。因此，人解魔方的时间就有一个极限。如果，假想有一个人，他可以在一开始就看到最小步（当然是不可能的），他大概需要20步来解魔方，如果每秒4下，他需要5秒。由于这个假设估计在很长时间内都是不会实现的，我估计速拧的极限在10-12秒（平均）。大家应该彻底摒弃少次数测速的纪录，如果魔方没有被彻底打乱，也许会使你加速到8秒以内。所以，作为比较水平高低用的测速，我建议用连测10次的平均。对我的系统，我如此定义一个新纪录：我摒弃在解的过程中多于1个步骤被跳过的纪录。跳步骤，意味着：十字不到3步完成，第二层太多的运气成分，跳过顶层八个块的方向调整，跳过最后一层的位置调整。对于前两层，很难估计概率，但是最后一层的颜色正确的概率是1/216,调整朝向后，不用调整位置的概率是1/72，如果最后一层在完成前两层以后就恰巧完成了，我认为这个发生的概率实在太小了，1(216*72)。我删去的纪录成绩是多少呢？是11秒。1983年，我状态好的时候，10次平均成绩一般是17秒。这么多年来我一直保持着“身材”，如今我还可以平均18秒。重回17秒或者更快，需要很多努力，需要好魔方，还需要初学时候才能有的那种彻底的热情。

祝大家好运，不要放弃！

原文在第四页，33楼、

[ 本帖最后由 yandinet 于 2009-11-18 23:27 编辑 ]

yandinet

下一篇将是《我的20年速拧路》，讲述了70年代末80年代初速拧界的情况，可谓是魔方的“上古之战”，无比经典。文章比较长，我尽快抽空翻译，最晚这个周末应该可以完成。

yandinet

小波翻的那篇我看到了，不过发现了一些错误。有时间我还是自己再翻下吧。

yandinet

原文：

Hints for speed cubing

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Customizing algorithms
It is very important to customize each algorithm for your hands. Some of us are right handed, some left handed, some may prefer algorithms which use only 2 or 3 faces so that alternate twisting from left hand to right hand is avoided. Sometimes, it may be wise to perform an algorithm with the cube turned upside down, or twisted by 180 degrees. This adjustment must be done by each individual separately because everyone may have different views of which algorithms are user friendly and which are not. This takes a lot of time, but it may cut an important chunk from your total time.

Multiple algorithms
As you may notice, some positions in the last layer have several algorithms associated with them. I alternate between them to minimize turning the cube as a whole, thus cutting on time.

Finger shortcuts
Most speed cubists have also developed special sequences ("shortcuts or macros") of two to four moves which can be performed astonishingly fast by pushing the faces with your fingers. Yes, it does require some dexterity. On my video page you can watch me solve the cube a few times. I also perform some finger tricks.

Move algorithms to your subconsciousness
It is also important that your brain automatizes the algorithms into inseparable units - elementary actions, because then you will not have to think about individual moves. The individual moves will be performed "by your hands" rather than making your brain busy. At this stage, one can afford to think more about the next step rather than about the algorithm which is being performed. It is done for you automatically by your subconsciousness! I noticed that this automatization goes that far that if I am interrupted while performing some longer algorithm, I will not be able to finish it! In a sense, I do not know the sequence of moves and perceive the algorithm as one unit. This may sometimes create comical situatioins when somebody asks you about a specific move, and you will not able to show it slowly - and will get stuck after several moves having to start over again to see the remainder of the algorithm.

No delays between algorithms
Another thing which is very important is to cut on delays between consecutive algorithms. One should minimize the decision time to almost zero. This issue is strongly connected with another one - the question of twisting speed.

Faster twisting does not have to mean shorter times
Dogma: One needs to be especially dextered to be able to solve the cube that fast (in 17 seconds). I would be lying to say that some dexterity is not important, but I insist that an average person possesses the necessary dexterity to solve the cube in really short times. I believe that almost everybody can achieve the twisting speed of 3 twists per second. Remember, all you are required to do is to learn a finite set of algorithms perform quickly. This relates to the important issue of adjusting algorithms for your hands. So why is it possible that faster twisting speed may bring you longer times? By performing the moves really fast, one deprives him/herself of the [important] knowledge of what is actually happening to the cube. After performing an algorithm, one is then suddenly thrown into a new position and needs some time to decide which move to choose next. If you had turned the cube just little slower, you could actually see what is happening to the cube, and choose the best next move during the last couple of moves of the previous algorithm. If you compare the times: fast turns + delay between moves and slow turns + shorter delays, you will find out that the second summation may be shorter! Another argument for the second alternative is that it is very hard to turn the cube really fast, and one often encounters "stuck" cubicles, or breaks the cube to its atoms. This can slow you down as well as frustrate.

Preparing the cube for record times.
I have heard people recommend a variety of different lubricants for the cube. Among others, sillicon oil, graphite, and soap were mentioned. From my experience, sillicon oil worked best. Be careful before using other lubricants because some of them may be pretty aggressive and speed up the aging process of your cube. Intense twisting causes a fine dust to develope inside the cube. Some cubists say that this kind of natural lubricant is the best one. I recommend to grease the cube because a lubricated cube will turn easier and you will be able to "cut corners" while speed cubing. But be aware of the fact that putting lubricant into a cube will make the cube more vulnerable to an accidental dismemberment.

Hard work
I would like to end with a couple of more remarks on the cube. First, the secret of achieving amazingly short times is not just the algorithms themselves. After all, a system will never solve the cube. Humans do! Probably the most important factor is dedication and a lot of practicing. As you may notice, some positions in the last layer have several algorithms associated with them. I alternate between them to minimize turning the cube as a whole, thus cutting on time.
So, what is the best system for speed cubing? I do not think that there is such thing as the best system. One system may better fit one person, other system may be more natural for somebody else. I believe that any system which is worked out into sufficient perfection is good. We should not be comparing systems but cubists. Those certainly are comparable.


What are the limits of speed cubing?
Any algorithmic set which can be performed by a human must be limited to a couple of hundreds at most thousands of algorithms. These algorithms need to be performed in a fast manner without too much thinking. This puts limits on the amount of time needed to solve the cube. If there was a hypothetical person who could see the shortest or the almost shortest algorithm right away in the beginning (which is quite improbable), he or she would need about 5 seconds, provided the farthest position is around 20 face moves at the twist rate of 4 moves per second. Since the assumption for this estimate will probably be unrealistic for many years to come, I estimate the limit for speed cubing at 10-12 seconds (the average time). One should totally abandon the concept of a record time since it has very little informational value. If somebody messes up the cube carelessly, one can take advantage of it and solve the cube in 8 seconds or less. Therefore, for comparing purposes, I suggest to use an average of 10 consecutive times. For my system, I defined the concept of a modified record: I discarded record times whenever more than one stage was skipped during the cube solving. By skipping a stage, I mean: placing the four edges using less than 3 moves, too much luck for the four blocks (in the second layer), skipping the orientation of 8 cubicles from the last layer, skipping the permutation part in the last layer. For the first two layers, it is hard to estimate the probabilities, but the last layer can be calculated exactly. The probability that after solving the second layer, the last layer will have the correct color is 1/216, and the probablity that after orienting the cubes in the last layer one will not need to permute them, is 1/72. So, for example, if the last layer got assembled by chance rigth after the second layer, I discarded the time since the probability of that happening is too small: 1/(216*72). So, what is my modified record? It is 11 seconds. My best average out of ten was often 17 in 1983. I kept myself in a good shape for many years, and I can still get to an average of about 18 after all those years. Going back to 17 or lower would require a lot of effort, good cube, and a complete devotion that only a rookie can possess. So, good luck everybody and do not give up!

yandinet

原帖由 magicfly 于 2009-11-19 18:48 发表
手指快捷方式
——————这个貌似就是    “手法”，似乎更通行和准确些。


大多数速拧选手都开发了一些两步到四步的动作序列（手指快捷方式/宏），这些序列可以非常快速地操作，当然，需要点技术。在我的主页 ...

我之前在魔方小站，看过“手指快捷方式”这个说法，就依样翻译了。呵呵。

yandinet

原帖由 nmliutao 于 2009-11-22 02:11 发表
速度和提示

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定制算法,
这是非 ...

天书了